Poly(vinyl halide) compositions

ABSTRACT

A POLY(VINYL HALIDE) IS MIXED WITH A BLOCK COPOLYMER OF CONJUGATED DIENES AND LACTONES OR WITH BLOCK COPOLYMERS OF MONOVINYL-SUBSTITUTED AROMATIC COMPOUNDS, CONJUGATED DIENES AND LACTONES TO FORM A COMPOSITION WITH IMPROVED IMPACT RESISTANCE.

United States Patent O fice 3,557,252 Patented Jan. 19, 1971 US. Cl. 260-876 7 Claims ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE A poly(vinyl halide) is mixed with a block-copolymer of conjugated dienes and lactones or with block :copolymers of monovinyl-substituted aromatic compounds, conjugated dienes and lactones to form a composition with improved impact resistance.

This invention relates to poly(vinyl halide) compositions. In another aspect, this invention relates to compositions of poly(vinyl halide) and block copolymers of conjugated dienes and lactones or block copolymers of monovinyl-substituted aromatic compounds, conjugated dienes and lactones.

These compositions overcome many of the well-known deficiencies of poly(vinyl halides) which manifest themselves in processes such as extrusion, molding, and the like.

Accordingly, an object of this invention is to provide poly(vinyl halide) compositions. Another object is to provide compositions of poly(vinyl halide) and block copolymers of conjugated dienes and lactones or block copolymers of monovinyl-substituted aromatic compounds, conjugated dienes and lactones. 7

Other objects, aspects and advantages of this invention will be apparent to those skilled in the art from the disclosure and appended claims.

Block copolymers of' conjugated dienes and lactones or block copolymers of monovinyl-substituted aromatic compounds, conjugated dienes and lactones are admixed with poly(vinyl halide) resins. The result is a composition with improved impact resistance.

The poly(vinyl halide) can be a polymer of vinyl chloride, bromide, or fluoride.

Lactones that can be employed in this invention can be represented by the formula wherein R is one of hydrogen and a radical of the formula and when R, is the specified radical, no R is attached to the carbon atom to which the radical is attached, wherein R is one of hydrogen, alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkenyl, cycloalkenyl, or an aryl radical, or combinations thereof such as alkaryl, alkenylaryl, cycloalkylalkyl, etc., wherein n is an integer which can be 1, 3, or 4, and wherein the total number of carbon atoms in the substitutents employed, if any, is in the range of l to 12, inclusive.

Suitable lactones include beta-propiolactone, delta-valerolactone, epsilon-caprolactone, and lactones of the following acids:

2-methyl-3-hydroxypropionic acid, S-hydroxynonanoic or 3-hydroxypelargonic acid, 2-dodecyl-3-hydroxypropionic acid, 2-cyclopentyl-3-hydroxypropionic acid, 3-phenyl-3-hydroxypropionic acid, 2-naphthyl-3-hydroxypropionic acid, 2-n-butyl-3-cyclohexyl-3-hydroxypropionic acid, 2-phenyl-3-hydroxytridecanoic acid, 2- Z-methylcyclopentyl -3-hydroxypropionic acid, 2-methylphenyl-3-hydroxypropionic acid, 3-benzyl-3-hydroxypropionic acid, 2,2-dimethyl-3-hydroxypropionic acid, Z-methyl-5-hydroxyvaleric acid, 3-cyclohexyl-5-hydroxyvaleric acid, 4-phenyl-5-hydroxyvaleric acid, 2-heptyl-4-cyclopentyl-S-hydroxyvaleric acid, 2-methyl-3-phenyl-5-hydroxyvaleric acid, 3- (Z-cyclohexylethyl -5-hydroxyvaleric acid, 2- Z-phenylethyl- 4- (4-cyclohexylbenzyl -5- hydroxyvaleric acid, 4-benzyl-5-hydroxyvaleric acid, 3-ethyl-5-isopropyl-6-hydroxycaproic acid, 2-cyclopentyl-4-hexyl-6-hydroxycaproic acid, 3-phenyl-6-hydroxycaproic acid, 3- (3 ,5 -diethylcyclohexyl) -5 -ethyl-6-hydroxycaproic acid, 4- 3-phenylpropyl) 6-hydroxycaproic acid, 2-benzyl-5-isobutyl-6-hydroxycaproic acid, 2,2,4-trimethyl-3-hydroxy-3-pentenoic acid, 2-phenyl-6-hydroxy-6-octenoic acid, 2,2-di( l-cyclohexenyl)-5-hydroxy-5heptenoic acid, 2,2-dipropenyl-5-hydroXy-5-heptenoic acid,

and the like. Mixtures of two or more of the above lactones can be employed.

The lactone class represents one of the dissimilar monomers employed in this invention. The other class of dissimilar monomers employed is the group of conjugated di-' enes and monovinyl-substituted aromatic compounds.

Conjugated dienes that can be employed in this invention are those containing 4 to 12 carbon atoms per molecule, inclusive, for example, 1,3-butadiene, isoprene, 1,3- pentadiene(piperylene), 1,3-hexadiene, 2,3-dimethyl 1,3- butadiene, 1,3-octadiene, 4-ethyl-1,3-hexadiene, 4-phenyl- 1,3-butadiene, 6-phenyl-l,3-hexadiene, and the like including mixtures of two or more of these dienes. Preferred conjugated dienes are butadiene, isoprene, and piperylene.

Monovinyl-substituted aromatic compounds that can be employed in this invention are those containing from 8 to 12 carbon atoms per molecule, inclusive, for example, styrene, 3-methylstyrene, 4-methylstyrene, 4 isopropylstyrene, 2,4-dimethylstyrene, l-vinylnaphthalene, 2-vinylnaphthalene, and the like including mixtures thereof. Preferred monovinyl-substituted aromatic compound is styrene.

The polymerization procedures for the above block copolymers and block terpolyrners can be any known to the art or according to copending applications, Ser. -No. 679,978, filed Nov. 2, 1967, or Ser. No. 726,241, filed May 2, 1968.

The composition of these block copolymers can vary over a wide range. The preferred ratio of conjugated diene to lactone in the block copolymers, containing only two monomers, ranges from about :20 to 20:80 parts by weight. The amounts of components in the block copolymers can be as follows: the monovinyl-substituted aroinatic compound can range from -60 parts by weight; the conjugated diene can range from 90 parts by weight; and the lactone can range from 560 parts by weight, with the total Weight of all three components equaling 100 parts. The preferred ratio of monovinyl-substituted 4 Cyclohexane was charged to the reactor first. The reactor was then purged with nitrogen after which the styrene was added and then the alkllithium. If styrene was not added, the alkyllithium was charged after the 1,3-butadiene. The styrene was polymerized at 70 C. for one aromatic compound to conjugated diene to lactone in the 0 hour, then 1,3-butadiene was added and polymerized at block COPOiymeYS ranges from abClLlt 519025 to about 70 C. for 1.5 hours. Ethylene oxide was charged next, 45110345 Parts y Weight- Other ratios the block followed by e-caprolactone. The temperature of the reacterpolymers such as 10150140 or 3 0 r also intion mixture was adjusted to 70. c., and the reaction mix- Clud in s inVehtiOh- 10 ture was agitated for 24-25 hours. The reaction mixture Th e block p y r block p y rs n be was terminated with a 10 Weight percent solution of 2,2- illeerpofateti into the P y( y halide) reSiIi y y methylene-bis(4-methyl-6-tert-butylphenol) in equal parts g Procedure that Will yield an essentially homogeneous by volume of isopropyl alcohol and toluene. The amount miXtuI'e- However, a y blending Preeedllfe is gehefeily used was suflicient to provide one part by weight of this p y other IhiXihg Procedures Stleh as a foil mill, ]5 antioxidant per 100 parts of monomers. Each reaction Banbury mixer, Waring Blendor, and the like can also be mixture was coagulated in isopropyl alcohol and the polyemployed. While the mixing can be done at any temperamer was separated and d ied, thre, it is Preferred that the mixing be eohthleted at The dried polymers were compounded with a polyvinyl elevated temperatures to promote homogeneity of the mixh1 id in in the recipe shown below. ture.

The amount of block copolymer employed is generally C mpounding re i e in the range of 5 to 40 parts by weight and the amount Parts by weight of poly(vinyl halide) employed is generally in the range Polyvinyl chloride 1 Variable of 95 to 60 parts by weight, based on 100 parts total Impact modifier Variable weight of the composition. Advastab T3 60 2 2 The compositions of this invention have improved im- Advastab DBTDL 1 pact resistance when compared to the poly(vinyl halide). Color masterbatch 0.9 Accordingly, these compositionn are useful in the produc- Advawax 140 5 0.5 tion of film and in the production of rigid grades of Advawax 280 0.9 thermoplastic materials that can be used in forming plastic 1 Dimnond 40, a b0tt1e gmde resin from Diamond Alkali pipe and other extruded or molded products. The composi- Co mpany. I tions of this invention can contain other additives such as ggsgf flgg g gf gg ggf organo'tm mcrcapto compound stress-cracking inhibitors, antioxidants, pigments, plas- :geat and gggisita bilize dibig itin (Lillauralttal 1 ticizers, fillers, and the llke. The compositions of this ing K3; fg a g f ig g gff g t 1 6 32 5 ventlon are lmpact resistant with or without these other 35 of polyvinyl chloride. o d d when deed eddddvee emedeyed dd altarhat.situated 52535111 55833?iifiiiiifitii tional amounts. 1%.

The advantages of this invention are further illustrated 6 NrN'ethy1enebiS(Steammide)- by the following example. The reactants, proportions and These mixtures were prepared as follows. Polyvinyl other specific conditions are presented as being typical 40 chloride was added to a Waring Blendor mixer and stirred and should not be construed to limit the invention unduly. while Advastab T-360 and Advastab DBTDL were added EXAMPLE I and while the mixture temperature was kept below 210 F. The impact modifier was added next while the temperature Several styrene/butadiene/e-caprolactone block copolywas kept below 225 Finally, Advawax 140 Advawax mere and a btltadtehe/e-eaproleetohe block cOpelymer 280 and the color masterbatch were added while the tem- Wefe P p and evaluated as impact modifiers for a perature was allowed to reach 240 F. and while mixing p y y Chloride Fesih- The P y were P p continued for 15 minutes. Next, each mixture was cooled cording to the following proeedllfe- The poiylhefilatioh quickly to room temperature. The dry mix was then TeeiPe is Shown below and the Polymerization results are blended on a roll mill at 350 F. for 10 minutes and then given in Table milled for another 5 minutes at 350 F. The composition was cut from the mill in sheets of 70- mil thickness. Strips Polymerization Tempe were cut from these sheets to fill mold cavities. Molding Cyclohexane, parts by W ight 780 was performed at 370 F. in a compression mold at 5,000 1,3-butadiene, parts by weight Variable to 20,000 p.s.i. in 3 minutes, 20,000 to 30,000 p.s.i. in 3 Styrene, parts by Weight Varia le 5 minutes, 30,000 to 40,000 p.s.i. in 3 minutes and then held e-caprolactone, parts by weight Variable at 40,000 p.s.i. for 6 minutes. The mold was cooled at a E hyl ne OXide. h Variable rate of 27 per minute to room temperature, Impact Aikyllithium, Variable strength test specimens were made from slabs of Ai-irich T p 70 thickness and other test specimens were made from slabs Time, hours 26-23 of 1.16 inches thickness. The results of these tests are l\Il1m:B1l1lim01GS per 100 grams of monomers. Shownin Table TABLE I e-Capro- Styrene, Butadiene, lactone, Alkyl- Ethylene parts by parts by parts by lithium, oxide, Conversion, weight weight weight mhm. mhm. percent 45 10 45 s 25 50 25 m 8 93 0 50 50 29 9 94 15 15 2.3 s 20 c0 20 2.3 s 100 a A blend of [our samples made with sec-butyllithium in the amounts shown in Amounts used in the four runs were as follows: 2.7, 2.9, 3.1 and 3.3 mhm.

" svv-Butyllithium.

t1 (,(HlVtl'SiOllS in the four runs were as follows: 05, 100, J5 and .15 percent.

a u-Butyllithiuni.

TABLE II Impact Modifier Physical properties PVC Izod Parts parts Flexural Tensile impact, by by modulus, yield, it. lbs/in Run No weight COInpos1t1on weight psi. p.s.i. notch 100 Styrene/Butadiene/e-Caprolactone 0 140,000 3, 460 0.34

(45/10/45). do 90 428,000 7, 863 0. 75 0 100 459, 000 8, 870 0. 6O 10 Styrene/Butadiene/e-Caprolactone 90 371,000 6,623 1.00

(25/50/25). 10 Styarfeng/fiutadiene/e-Caprolactone 90 339,000 5,710 2.60 10 Styrenc/Butadiene/e-Oaprolaetone 90 385,000 6,927 1. 51

ASTM-D-790-63. b ASTM-D-GQS-GIT. ASTM-D-256-56 d Physical properties obtained on polymer in absence of any additives found in polyvinyl chloride compounding recipe.

'= Tensile at Break.

The results of these tests show the block copolymers of this invention to be effective as impact strength improvers in polyvinyl chloride resins. Comparisons of Runs 1, 2, and 3, reveal the mixture (Run 2) to have higher impact strength than either the copolymer (Run 1) or polyvinyl chloride (Run 3) alone. Runs 4, 5 and 6 reveal other mixtures which demonstrate a desirable impact strength.

Reasonable variations and modifications are possible within the scope of this disclosure without departing from the spirit and scope thereof.

We claim:

1. A composition comprising a mixture of (a) 95 to 60 parts by weight of a poly(vinyl halide) and (b) 5 to 40 parts by weight of a block copolymer of conjugated dienes and lactones or block copolymers of monovinyl substituted aromatic compounds, conjugated dienes and lactones, wherein said lactones have the formula wherein R is one of hydrogen and a radical of the formula and when R is the specified radical, no R is attached to the carbon atom to which the radical is attached; and each R is one of hydrogen, a saturated aliphatic, a saturated cycloaliphatic, or an aromatic radical, or a combination thereof; It is an integer which can be 1, 3, 4 and the total number of carbon atoms in the substituents employed, if any, is in the range of 1 to 12, inclusive.

2. The composition according to claim 1 wherein said polyvinyl halide is polyvinyl chloride.

3. The composition according to claim 2 wherein said conjugated dienes have from 4 to 12 carbon atoms per molecule, inclusive and said monovinyl substituted aromatic compounds have from 8 to 12 carbon atoms per molecule, inclusive.

4. The composition according to claim 3 wherein the amount of said monovinyl substituted aromatic compound, said conjugated diene, and said lactone in said block copolymer is 5-60, 10-90, and 5-60 parts by weight, respectively, the total weight of monomer components in said block copolymer equaling 100 parts.

5. The composition according to claim 4 wherein said conjugated diene is butadiene, said monovinyl substituted aromatic compound is styrene and said lactone is e-caprolactone.

6. The composition according to claim 3 wherein the weight ratio of said conjugated diene to said lactone is from about 20:80 to about :20 based on total parts b weight of monomer components.

7. The composition according to claim 6 wherein said conjugated diene is butadiene and said lactone is e-caprolactone.

References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 2,970,979 2/1961 Meder et a1 26089O 3,465,067 9/1969 Waterman et a] 260890 3,483,275 12/1969 Waterman et a1 260890 SAMUEL H. BLECH, Primary Examiner U.S. Cl. X.R.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE CERTIFICATE OF CORRECTION Dated: January 19, 1

Patent No. 3,557,252 Henry L. Hsieh et 9.1

It is certified that error appears in the above-identified patent and the. letters Patent are hereby corrected as shown below:

Column 5 beginning at line 36, the formula which reads R R I I R C C C 0 should read. R 5 C C C 0 I I n RI-1.!

Signed and sealed this 2nd day of November 1971 (SEAL) Attest:

EDWARD M.FLETCHER,JR. ROBERT GOTTSCHALK Attesting offlcer Acting Commissioner of Patents 

